Practical on

C-Programming (Full Notes For GATE)

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Syllabus For Fundamental Of C-Programming

Token in C-programming
Keywords/Operators/String/Constant/Identifier
Special Character
int, char, float (signed and unsigned), short and long

Tokens in C

Keywords
Operators
Identifiers
Constants
Special Symbols
String

Keywords

auto, double, int, struct, switch ……. (total 32)

Identifier

Name of a variable || Name of a function.

constraint for identifier

Can’t be start with digit, only letter || underscore followed by digit
No special keyword should be used.

C is a Case sensitive language a and A are treaated different.

Constants/Literals

int a = 08; In above example ‘08’ is a Constant.

Q Solve

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
	int a ;
	a = 60+0b1111+014+0x10;
	printf("%d", a);                         // 103
	
	return 0;
}

Explanation 60 <– Decimal Constant; 0b <– Binary Constant 0 <– Octal Constant 0x <– Hexadecimal Constant

🔢 Number System Recap

If you don’t know Number Systems, here’s a quick recap.

Decimal Number

In C, an integer constant without a prefix is treated as a decimal constant.

printf("%d", 40);

Binary Number Calculation

Binary Number -> 0b1111

  1    1    1    1
  ↓    ↓    ↓    ↓
 2³   2²   2¹   2⁰

= 1×8 + 1×4 + 1×2 + 1×1
= 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 15

Octal Number Calculation

Octal Number-> 014

014₈
= 1 × 8¹ + 4 × 8⁰
= 1 × 8 + 4 × 1
= 8 + 4
= 12₁₀

Hexadecimal Number Calculation

Hexadecimal -> 0x

0x10₁₆
= 1 × 16¹ + 0 × 16⁰
= 1 × 16 + 0 × 1
= 16

Q Solve

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
	int a ;
	a = 0101/011+0110+0x110;
	printf("%d", a);                          // 351
	
	return 0;
}

Format Specifier

Format Specifier	Data Type	Example
`%d`	Signed integer	`printf("%d", 10);`
`%i`	Signed integer	`printf("%i", 10);`
`%u`	Unsigned integer	`printf("%u", 20);`
`%f`	Float	`printf("%f", 3.14);`
`%lf`	Double (`scanf`)	`scanf("%lf", &d);`
`%c`	Character	`printf("%c", 'A');`
`%s`	String	`printf("%s", "Hello");`
`%x`	Hexadecimal (lowercase)	`printf("%x", 255);` → `ff`
`%X`	Hexadecimal (uppercase)	`printf("%X", 255);` → `FF`
`%o`	Octal	`printf("%o", 8);` → `10`
`%p`	Pointer address	`printf("%p", ptr);`
`%%`	Prints `%` symbol	`printf("100%%");`

DATA TYPE

The value it takes
Amount of memory required
Interpretation of value

Signed and Unsigned Number

example: 2s compliment Integer Interpretation 1111 (Signed) -1x2^3 + 1x2^2 + 1x2^1

11111 (UnSigned) 1x2^3 + 1x2^2 + 1x2^1

2’s Complement — Signed Integer

MSB (Most Significant Bit) = 0 → Positive
MSB = 1 → Negative
MSB weight = -2ⁿ⁻¹
Other bits have normal positive weights.

Example: 4-bit `1111`

Weights: -8  4  2  1
Bits:     1  1  1  1

= -8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= -1

Range of a Integer –> -2^n-1 to 2^n-1

Operators & Arithmetic Expression

`+, -, *, /, % "

/ -> Quotient % -> Remainder

Dividend = Quotient Divisor + Remainder*

Solve–> 7/3, -7/3, 7/-3. -7/-3

If dividend and divisor same sign +ve otherwise -ve Remainder: Sign of dividend is sign of Remainder

Solve

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){
	int x;
	x= -2 + 11 - 7 * 9 % 6 / 12;       //9
	printf("%d",x);
	return 0;
}

C Operator Precedence — Short

Priority	Operators	Associativity
1	`()`	Left → Right
2	`++` `--` `!` `~`	Right → Left
3	`*` `/` `%`	Left → Right
4	`+` `-`	Left → Right
5	`<` `<=` `>` `>=`	Left → Right
6	`==` `!=`	Left → Right
7	`&&`	Left → Right
8	`		`	Left → Right
9	`=` `+=` `-=` `*=` `/=`	Right → Left

Higher priority = evaluated first.

* / % have same precedence → evaluate left to right.

Functions In C

`A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called.

*Input (function parameters) and output (return value) of function.

Function Declaration
1. Announcement that this function we are going to use.
2. It has function name, input parameters, number of parameters, types of output.
Function Definition
1. Has code of function.
Function Call
1. Function calling (execute)

Declaration Of Function

return_type name(parameter_type1, parameter_type2......);

example:-

float func_name(int a_argument, int b_argument, float c_argument){

};

int * func1 (int *){};

int func (void){};  // no parameters

int func(){};

void func(){};  // if output is not present then use void before func declaration

Function Definition

Actually piece of code.

#include<stdio.h>

float areaOfCircle(float radius){
	float  area  = 3.14*(radius*radius);
	return area;
}

void main(){
	float r;
	printf("Enter the radius: ");
	scanf("%f",&r);
	printf("Area of Circle: %f",areaOfCircle(r));
	
}

Type of Parameter Passing

Call by Value
Call by reference
Call by address

Call by Value

my-projects

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

Welcome to my Project Space, It’s hard to update this, as I don’t usually public what I have developed or developing, but here are the things which you might check.

Easy Access

To Easily navigate through my notes use tags…..

📌 Quick Tag Index

#Agile (6) • #blender (1) • #blog (2) • #C (1) • #cheatsheet (1) • #Chennai (1) • #COA (1) • #Code (1) • #COURSE (1) • #custom (1) • #database (1) • #DBMS (2) • #devops (1) • #Elite_Tech_Park (1) • #GATE (3) • #Hands (1) • #Hands_On (1) • #hibernate (1) • #incubator (1) • #interview-prep (1) • #java (1) • #joins (1) • #js (1) • #linkedin (3) • #loadtesting (1) • #MCA (1) • #mysql (1) • #On (1) • #PL/SQL (1) • #post (9) • #Practical (1) • #python (1) • #react (1) • #SASTRA (1) • #security (1) • #selenium (1) • #shortcuts (1) • #spring (1) • #springboot (2) • #SQL (4) • #subqueries (1) • #TCS (8) • #testing (2) • #Theory (7) • #Theory/code (3) • #tricks (1) • #UDEMY (1) • #Visit (1) • #webtech (1) • #welcome (1) • #window-functions (1) • #Zoho (1)

📚 Notes by Topic

🏷️ Agile `(6)`

🏷️ blender `(1)`

Blender Keymappings

🏷️ blog `(2)`

🏷️ DBMS `(2)`

🏷️ devops `(1)`

CI/CD Pipeline and Devops Introduction

🏷️ Elite_Tech_Park `(1)`

Zoho Library System App

🏷️ GATE `(3)`

🏷️ Hands `(1)`

PL/SQL Full Notes

🏷️ Hands_On `(1)`

Docker Full Notes

🏷️ hibernate `(1)`

Hibernate Notes

🏷️ incubator `(1)`

Blender Keymappings

🏷️ interview-prep `(1)`

100 Must-Know MySQL Interview Questions & Solutions (Employees Dataset)

🏷️ java `(1)`

Hibernate Notes

🏷️ joins `(1)`

100 Must-Know MySQL Interview Questions & Solutions (Employees Dataset)

🏷️ js `(1)`

React Notes

🏷️ linkedin `(3)`

🏷️ loadtesting `(1)`

Jmeter Full Notes

🏷️ MCA `(1)`

Sastra Computer Organization and Architect Full Notes

🏷️ mysql `(1)`

100 Must-Know MySQL Interview Questions & Solutions (Employees Dataset)

🏷️ On `(1)`

PL/SQL Full Notes

🏷️ PL/SQL `(1)`

PL/SQL Full Notes

🏷️ post `(9)`

🏷️ Practical `(1)`

C-Programming (Full Notes For GATE)

🏷️ python `(1)`

Selenium Notes

🏷️ react `(1)`

React Notes

🏷️ SASTRA `(1)`

Sastra Computer Organization and Architect Full Notes

🏷️ security `(1)`

spring-security

🏷️ selenium `(1)`

Selenium Notes

🏷️ shortcuts `(1)`

Blender Keymappings

🏷️ spring `(1)`

spring-security

🏷️ springboot `(2)`

🏷️ SQL `(4)`

🏷️ subqueries `(1)`

100 Must-Know MySQL Interview Questions & Solutions (Employees Dataset)

🏷️ TCS `(8)`

🏷️ testing `(2)`

🏷️ Theory `(7)`

🏷️ Theory/code `(3)`

🏷️ tricks `(1)`

Custom Spring Boot Banners

🏷️ UDEMY `(1)`

AGILE CRASH COURSE UDEMY

🏷️ Visit `(1)`

First Immpression of CHENNAI

🏷️ webtech `(1)`

React Notes

🏷️ welcome `(1)`

bigbits

🏷️ window-functions `(1)`

100 Must-Know MySQL Interview Questions & Solutions (Employees Dataset)

🏷️ Zoho `(1)`

Zoho Library System App

my-projects

Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000

Introduction

Welcome to my Project Space, It’s hard to update this, as I don’t usually public what I have developed or developing, but here are the things which you might check.